Amaseli we-Photovoltaic, owaziwa nangokuthi amaseli elanga, abe ngumdlali obalulekile emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo.Lezi zisetshenziswa ziye zashintsha indlela esisebenzisa ngayo amandla elanga ukuze sikhiqize ugesi.Kulesi sihloko, sizongena emhlabeni othakazelisayo weamaseli we-photovoltaicfuthi bahlole ukuthi bawenza kanjani ugesi.
Enhliziyweni yeseli ye-photovoltaic kukhona impahla ye-semiconductor, ngokuvamile eyenziwe nge-silicon.Lapho ama-photon avela ekukhanyeni kwelanga eshaya ebusweni bengqamuzana, avusa ama-electron akuleyo nto, awenze ahlukane nama-athomu.Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi umphumela we-photovoltaic.
Ukuze kuzuze lawa ma-electron akhululiwe, amabhethri akhiwa abe izingqimba ezinezakhiwo ezihlukene.Ungqimba olungaphezulu lwenziwe ngezinto eziklanyelwe ukumunca ukukhanya kwelanga.Ngezansi kwalesi sendlalelo kunesendlalelo esisebenzayo, esakhiwe ngokusetshenziswa kwe-semiconductor.Ungqimba olungezansi, olubizwa nge-back contact layer, lusiza ukuqoqa ama-electron futhi uwakhiphe kuseli.
Lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kungena ongqimbeni olungaphezulu lwengqamuzana, kuvusa ama-electron kuma-athomu ento esebenza ngesemiconductor.Lawa ma-electron ajabulile abe esekwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka ngaphakathi kwempahla.Nokho, ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi, ama-electron adinga ukugeleza aye ohlangothini oluthile.
Yilapho inkundla kagesi ngaphakathi kweseli iqala ukudlala.Impahla ye-semiconductor kungqimba esebenzayo ifakwe ukungcola ukudala ukungalingani kwama-electron.Lokhu kudala ukushajwa okuphozithivu ohlangothini olulodwa lwebhethri kanye nokushajwa okunegethivu kolunye.Umngcele phakathi kwalezi zifunda ezimbili ubizwa ngokuthi i-pn junction.
Lapho i-electron ijatshuliswa i-photon futhi ihlukana ne-athomu yayo, ikhangwa ohlangothini lweseli olushajwe kahle.Njengoba iya endaweni, ishiya "imbobo" efakwe kahle endaweni yayo.Lokhu kunyakaza kwama-electron nezimbobo kudala amandla kagesi ngaphakathi kwebhethri.
Kodwa-ke, esimweni sawo samahhala, ama-electron angeke asetshenziselwe ukunika amandla amadivayisi angaphandle.Ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla azo, okuthintana nensimbi kubekwa phezu kwezingqimba ezingaphezulu nangaphansi zamaseli.Uma ama-conductor exhunywe kulaba othintana nabo, ama-electron ageleza ku-circuit, enze umbane kagesi.
Iseli elilodwa le-photovoltaic likhiqiza inani elincane likagesi.Ngakho-ke, amaseli amaningi axhunywe ndawonye ukuze akhe iyunithi enkulu ebizwa ngokuthi iphaneli yelanga noma imojuli.Lawa maphaneli angaxhunywa ochungechungeni noma ngokuhambisana ukuze kukhuliswe i-voltage kanye nokuphumayo kwamanje, kuye ngezidingo zohlelo.
Uma ugesi usuphehliwe, ungasetshenziswa ukunika amandla izinhlobonhlobo zemishini nezinto zikagesi.Ohlelweni oluboshwe ngegridi, ugesi oweqile okhiqizwa amaphaneli elanga ungabuyiselwa kugridi, uqedele isidingo sokukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi.Ezinhlelweni ezizimele zodwa, njengalezo ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezikude, ugesi okhiqizwayo ungagcinwa kumabhethri ukuze usetshenziswe kamuva.
Amaseli we-Photovoltaicukuhlinzeka ngesisombululo esiluhlaza, esimeme nesivuselelekayo ezidingweni zethu zamandla.Banamandla okunciphisa kakhulu ukuthembela kwethu emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi banciphise umthelela wemvelo wokuphehlwa kukagesi.Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, singase siboneamaseli we-photovoltaiczisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi zishibhile, okubenza babe yingxenye ebalulekile yesimo sethu samandla esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-27-2023