Umfutho wamandla avuselelekayo ukhule ngokuphawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yokukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nesidingo sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya.Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-Photovoltaic kuwumthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo odonse ukunaka okukhulu.Ama-Photovoltaics, ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi ama-solar panel, sebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga futhi ukuguqule kube ugesi.Kodwa uyini umlando walolu buchwepheshe obungavamile?
izimpande zeama-photovoltaics ingalandelelwa emuva ekhulwini le-19, lapho isazi sesayensi yemvelo esingumFulentshi u-Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel sitholai-photovoltaicumphumela ngo-1839. U-Becquerel wathola ukuthi izinto ezithile zikhiqiza amaza kagesi amancane lapho zivezwe ekukhanyeni.Nakuba ukutholakala kwakhe kwaba isisekelo, kwathatha amashumi eminyaka ukuthi ososayensi nabasunguli bahlole ngokugcwele amandla alesi simo.
Ngokushesha phambili ku-1873, futhi unjiniyela kagesi waseBrithani uWilloughby Smith wenza umnikelo obalulekile kuma-photovoltaics.USmith wathola ukuthi i-chemical element selenium inayoi-photovoltaicizakhiwo.Lokhu kutholakala kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwamangqamuzana elanga okuqala e-selenium, ayesebenza kahle kakhulu ekuguquleni ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi.
Owesimanjei-photovoltaicinkathi yaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 ngomsebenzi ka-Albert Einstein, incazelo yakhe yomphumela we-photoelectric ngo-1905 yabeka isisekelo sethiyori sokuqonda ukuziphatha kokukhanya kanye nesizukulwane sokukhanya.i-photovoltaicugesi.Nokho, ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwalolu lwazi kusekude neqiniso.
Ngeminyaka yawo-1950 kanye nawo-1960, inkampani yaseMelika yocwaningo nentuthuko iBell Labs yatshala imali eningii-photovoltaicucwaningo futhi senza inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo.Ngo-1954, onjiniyela baselabhorethri basungula i-silicon-based yokuqala esebenzayoi-photovoltaiciseli.Ibhethri lizuze ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla okungaba ngu-6%, okumaka impumelelo enkulu kulo mkhakha.Ucwaningo olwalandela kanye nezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe zandise amazinga okusebenza kahle futhi zehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza eminyakeni ezayo.
Umjaho wasemkhathini phakathi kwe-United States neSoviet Union phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi waqhubekisela phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwei-photovoltaicukukhiqiza amandla.Womabili la mazwe adinga imithombo yamandla engasindi nethembekile kumasathelayithi awo kanye nemikhumbi-mkhathi.Ngenxa yalokho,i-photovoltaicamangqamuzana aba yingxenye yemishini yasemkhathini, futhi iPioneer 1, eyasungulwa ngo-1958, yaba isathelayithi yokuqala ukusebenzisa amangqamuzana elanga ukuze inike amandla amathuluzi ayo.
Inkinga kawoyela ngeminyaka yawo-1970 yaba umgqugquzeli wokuthuthukiswa kwei-photovoltaicukukhiqiza amandla.Njengoba imithombo yamandla evamile iba yindlala futhi ibiza, ohulumeni nezazi zemvelo baphendukela emandleni elanga njengesixazululo esingaba khona.Nikeza uxhaso, izikweletu zentela kanye noxhaso lwezimali zocwaningo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa nokufinyeleleka kobuchwepheshe belanga.Lesi sikhathi sabona ukuvela kwezibali ezisebenza ngamandla elanga, amawashi, nokudayiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezincane.
I-Photovoltaicukuphehlwa kukagesi kwenze intuthuko enkulu ekhulwini lama-21 ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kokuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kwamandla avuselelekayo.Amaphaneli elanga anamuhla asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi abiza kakhulu kunangaphambili, okuwenza abe inketho esebenzayo yokwamukelwa kabanzi.Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke batshala izimali zabo ezinhlelweni ezinkulu ze-solar, futhi amapulazi elanga kanye nokufakwa kwe-solar phezu kophahla sekuyinsakavukela.
Imvelaphi yomlando yeama-photovoltaics gqamisa ubuhlakani nokubekezela kososayensi nabaqambi eminyakeni edlule.I-Photovoltaicubuchwepheshe buhambe ibanga elide kusukela ekutholweni kokuqala kwei-photovoltaicumphumela ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo kwamaseli elanga emkhathini.Njengoba silwela ukudlulela ekusaseni elisimeme,ama-photovoltaicsngokungangabazeki izodlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zethu zamandla ngenkathi yehlisa izinga lethu lekhabhoni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-30-2023